Genetics of the Siamese Fighting Fish, Betta Splendens.
نویسنده
چکیده
ETTA SPLENDENS more commonly known as the Siamese fighting fish has B been popular in aquariums of western Europe and America for over 35 years. Its domestication and consequent inbreeding antedates the introduction into the West by 60 or 70 years. Selection for pugnacity, long fins (see Figure l ) , and bright colors over this long period has produced a number of phenotypes, none of which is very similar to the short-finned wild form from the sluggish rivers and flooded rice paddies of Thialand (SMITH 1945). The aquarium Betta is noted for its brilliant and varied colors. These are produced by three pigments, lutein (yellow), erythropterin (red), and melanin (black) ( GOODRICH, ILL and ARRICK 1941 ) and by scattering of light through small hexagonal crystals (GOODRICH and MERCER 1934) giving steel blue, blue, or green. Each kind of pigment is contained in a distinct cell type, xanthophores, containing yellow, erythrophores red, and melanophores black. There are no chromatophores containing two pigments such as the xanthoerythrophores of Xiphophorus helleri. The reflecting cells responsible for iridescent blues and greens are known as iridocytes or guanophores and they are more superficial than the other chromatophores. Since the pigment granules may be greatly dispersed in the many branched pseudopods or clumped into a small knot in the center of the chromatophores, the color of any single fish may vary over a wide range of shades, and may do SO in a matter of seconds. Frightened or sick fish are quite pale with no dispersion of pigment whereas fighting and courting fish are at the other extreme. In Bettas there seems to be an almost complete continuum in shades from light brown to almost pure black. The same condition exists with respect to red and also to the amount of iridocyte produced color. This almost infinite variety of phenotypes makes the separation of spawns into classes difficult, but examination of many large spawns has shown that with the “correct” criteria and method of examination the apparent continuum falls into a few large blocks within which, however, there still seem to be continua. The differences between the large groups are traceable to the segregation of a few genes which we may call major ones.
منابع مشابه
Virulence of Aeromonas hydrophila in Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens) and the bacterium susceptibility to some herbal plants
Aeromonas hydrophila was isolated from diseased Siamese fighting fish Betta splendens Regans. The virulence of A. hydrophiala to Siamese fighting fish was conducted by intraperitoneal injection of two doses of bacterial suspensions with 7.5x107 and 7.5x105 cfu per 0.05 ml. The cumulative mortality was observed in high and low dose groups which showed 98.33 and 20 percent, respectively. Moreove...
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Aeromonas hydrophila was isolated from diseased Siamese fighting fish Betta splendens Regans. The virulence of A. hydrophiala to Siamese fighting fish was conducted by intraperitoneal injection of two doses of bacterial suspensions with 7.5×107 and 7.5×105 cfu per 0.05 ml. The cumulative mortality was observed in high and low dose groups which showed 98.33 and 20 percent, respectively. Moreove...
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This study investigated the effects of nesting status and the presence of an audience on 11-ketotestosterone (11KT) levels in male Siamese fighting fish, Betta splendens. Prior studies have demonstrated that both nesting status, an indicator of territory-holding power and reproductive state, and the sex of a conspecific audience lead to differences in male behavior during aggressive encounters....
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Ten novel microsatellite markers were developed and characterized from Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens). Nine of ten markers were polymorphic, exhibiting an allelic number (NA) from 2 to 6 alleles per locus. The effective number of alleles (NE) ranged from 1.60 to 3.08 (average of 2.30). The observed (HO) and expected (HE) heterozygosities ranged from 0.13 to 0.67 (average of 0.39) and 0...
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متن کامل
The pharyngeal organ in the buccal cavity of the male Siamese fighting fish, Betta splendens, supplies mucus for building bubble nests.
The male Siamese fighting fish, Betta splendens, builds a bubble nest on the water surface to care for offspring during the reproductive period. To our knowledge, this study is the first to determine the composition of the bubble nest and to compare the pharyngeal organs of male and female Siamese fighting fish to determine the relationship between the pharyngeal organ and the ability to make b...
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ورودعنوان ژورنال:
- Genetics
دوره 43 3 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 1958